Archive for the ‘new’ Category

Tieguanyin

Tuesday, June 23rd, 2009

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Tie Guan Yin

Type:

Oolong

Other names:

Iron Guanyin, Ti Kuan Yin or Tiet Kwun Yum

Origin:

Anxi County, Fujian Province, China and others

Quick description:

The harvests in spring (also known as Jade) and autumn are most prized for the fruity, sometimes even berry taste and aroma

Temperature:

85



Fujian province

Tie Guan Yin (simplified Chinese: ???; traditional Chinese: ???; pinyin: ti?gu?ny?n; Min Nan POJ: Thih-koan-im; Cantonese Jyutping: tit3 gwun1 yam1; literally meaning iron guanyin) is a premium variety of Chinese oolong tea associated with Anxi in Fujian province. Named after the bodhisattva Avalokitesvara (known in Chinese as Guan Yin), it has also been translated as “Iron Goddess of Mercy” (more correctly, “Compassion”) after the old translation for Guan Yin’s name. Tie Guan Yin produced in different areas of Anxi have different characteristics. The tea is also produced in Nantou, Taiwan with much success.

This oolong is typically close to a green tea, with only a little fermentation. Subsequently, it has a very flowery, delicate aroma without the green tea “grassiness” or astringency.

Other spellings and names include Ti Kuan Yin, Tit Kwun Yum, Ti Kwan Yin, Tie Guan Yin, Iron Buddha, Iron Goddess of Mercy, Iron Avalokite?vara, and Tea of the Iron Bodhisattva, which is probably the closest English translation.

Contents

1 Legends

1.1 Wei Legend

1.2 Wang Legend

2 Varieties

3 Curious association with Monkeys

4 References

5 External links

//


Legends

There are two legends behind this tea: Wei and Wang.

Wei Legend

Deep in the heart of Fujian’s Anxi County there was a rundown temple that held inside an iron statue of Guan Yin, the Bodhisattva of Compassion. Every day, on his walk to his tea fields a poor farmer named Mr. Wei would pass by and reflect on the worsening condition of the temple. Something has to be done, thought Mr. Wei. But he did not have the means to repair the temple because he was poor. Instead the farmer brought a broom and some incense from his home. He swept the temple clean and lit the incense as an offering to Guan Yin. “It’s the least I can do,” he thought to himself. Twice a month for many months, he repeated the same task. Cleaning and lighting incense. One night, Guan Yin appeared to him in a dream. She told him of a cave behind the temple where a treasure awaited him. He was to take the treasure for himself, but also to share it with others. In the cave, the farmer found a single tea shoot. He planted it in his field and nurtured it into a large bush, of which the finest tea was produced. He gave cuttings of this rare plant to all his neighbors and began selling the tea under the name Tie Guan Yin, Iron Bodhisattva of Compassion. Over time, Mr. Wei and all his neighbors prospered. The rundown temple of Guan Yin (Bodhisattva of Compassion) was repaired and became a beacon for the region. And Mr. Wei took joy in his daily trip to his tea fields, never failing to stop in appreciation of the beautiful temple.

Wang Legend

Wang was a scholar who accidentally discovered the tea plant beneath the Guanyin rock in Xiping. He brought the plant back home for cultivation. When he visited Emperor Qianlong in the 6th year of his reign, he offered the tea as a gift from his native village. Emperor Qianlong was so impressed that he inquired about its origin. Since the tea was discovered beneath the Guanyin Rock, he decided to called it the Guanyin tea.

Varieties

By roasting level

Jade Tie Guan Yin (lightly roasted Tie Guan Yin ) is a newer type of Tie Guan Yin and has a light green Jade color. It produces a very flowery aroma and taste. It is more similar to green tea than Oolong.

Heavily Roasted Tie Guan Yin is traditional Tie Guan Yin. It has more complex taste and aroma but is less floral.

Moderately Roasted Tie Guan Yin is a new breed that has a good balance of floral aroma and complex taste.

By harvest time

Spring Tie Guan Yin is harvested around Li Xia (Start of Summer) and has the best overall quality.

Autumn Tie Guan Yin is harvested in the autumn and has strong aroma but less complex taste.

Summer Tie Guan Yin is harvested in summer and is considered lower quality. Summer Tie Guan Yin can be further divided into two types one harvested in June to July, one harvested in August.

Winter Tie Guan Yin is harvested in winter. Production of Winter Tie Guan Yin is very low.

Other categories

Guan Yin Wang is the best of Tie Guan Yin. It means Guan Yin King. The best Jade Tie Guan Yin and Autumn Tie Guan Yin are classified as Guan Yin Wang.

Curious association with Monkeys

A variety of this tea from the Wuyi Mountains in Fujian is called Monkey-Picked. This comes from the story that monkeys were…(and so on)

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Sritattvanidhi

Tuesday, June 23rd, 2009

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The Sritattvanidhi (?r?tattvanidhi) (“The Illustrious Treasure of Realities”) is an iconographic treatise written in the 19th century in Karnataka by order of the then Maharaja of Mysore, Krishnaraja Wodeyar III (b. 1794 - d. 1868 or 1869). The Maharaja was a great patron of art and learning and was himself a scholar and writer. There are around 50 works ascribed to him. The first page of the Sritattvanidhi attributes authorship of the work to the Maharaja himself:



First page of the Sritattvanidhi (19th century)

“May the work Sri Tattvanidi, which is illustrated and contains secrets of mantras and which is authored by King Sri Krishna Raja Kamteerava, be written without any obstacle. Beginning of Shaktinidhi.”

Martin-Dubost’s review of the history of this work says that the Maharaja funded an effort to put together in one work all available information concerning the iconography and iconometry of divine figures in South India. He asked that a vast treatise be written, which he then had illustrated by miniaturists from his palace. Thapan refers to the Sritattvanidhi as “compiled by K???ar?ja Wodeyar IV, kind of Mysore, towards the end of the nineteenth century.” The resulting illuminated manuscript, which he entitled the Sritattvanidhi, brings together several forms of Shiva, Vishnu, Skanda, Ganesha, different goddesses, the nine planets (navagraha), and the eight protectors of the cardinal points (a??adikp?las). The work is in nine parts, each called a nidhi (“treasure”). The nine sections are:

Shakti nidhi

Vishnu nidhi

Shiva nidhi

Brahma nidhi

Graha nidhi

Vaishnava nidhi

Shaiva nidhi

Agama nidhi

Kautuka nidhi

Contents

1 Published editions

2 Thirty-two forms of Ganapati

3 See also

4 Notes

5 References

//


Published editions

An original copy of this colossal work is available in the Oriental Research Institute, University of Mysore, Mysore. Another copy is in the possession of the present scion of the Royal Family of Mysore, Sri Srikanta Datta Narsimharaja Wadiyar. An unedited version of this work with only text in devanagari script was published about a century ago by Khemraj Krishna das of Sri Venkateshvar Steam Press, Bombay (Mumbai).

In recent times the Oriental Research Institute has published three volumes (Saktinidhi, Vishnunidhi, and Sivanidhi. Prof. S.K.Ramachandra Rao, has edited a book titled “Sri-Tattva-Nidhi (of Krishna Raja Wodeyar III of Mysore) (Vol-1). It was published by Kannada University, Hampi in 1993. However, in reality it was on Ragamala Paintings as depicted in ” Svarachudamani” authored by the Mummadi Krishna Raja Wodeyar. Similar set of Ragamala Paintings are also found in Sri Tattva-Nidhi.

Another important work in this genre is by a Sanskrit scholar and hatha yoga student named Norman Sjoman. He has written a book titled: The Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace (Year of Publication: 1996,ISBN: 8170173892).The book presents the first English translation of a part of kautuka nidhi; Sritattvanidhi, which includes instructions for and illustrations of 122 posturesaking it by far the most elaborate text on asanas in existence before the twentieth century. The book includes instructions for 122 yoga poses, illustrated by stylized drawings of an Indian man in a topknot and loincloth. Most of these poseshich include handstands, backbends, foot-behind-the-head poses, Lotus variations, and rope exercisesre familiar to modern practitioners (although most of the Sanskrit names are different from the ones they are known by today). But they are far more elaborate than anything depicted in other pre-twentieth-century texts.

Thirty-two forms of Ganapati

The Shivanidhi portion includes descriptions of thirty-two forms of Ganapati that are mentioned frequently in devotional literature related to Ganesha.

There are also sculptural representations of these thirty-two forms in the temples at Na?jangu? and Ch?mar?janagar (both in Mysore district, Kar???aka), done about the same time as the paintings were done and also at the direction of the same monarch. Each of the thirty-two illustrations is accompanied by a short Sanskrit meditation verse (dhy?na?loka), written in Kannada script. The meditation verses list the attributes of each form. The text says that these meditation forms are from the Mudgala Purana.

In his review of how the iconographic forms of Ganapati shown in the Sritattvanidhi compare with those known from other sources, Martin-Dubost notes that the Sritattvanidhi is a recent text from South India, and while it includes many of Ganesha’s forms that were known at that time in that area it does not describe earlier two-armed forms which existed from the 4th century, nor those with fourteen and twenty arms which appeared in Central India in the 9th and 10th century.

Ramachandra Rao says…(and so on)

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Leading Edge (company)

Tuesday, June 23rd, 2009

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Leading Edge Hardware Products, Inc. was a computer manufacturer in the 1980s and the 1990s. They were based in Westborough, Massachusetts.

Contents

1 History

2 Products

3 Notes

4 References

5 External links

//


History

Leading Edge was founded in 1980 by Michael Shane. At the outset, they were a PC peripherals company selling aftermarket products such as Elephant Memory Systems brand floppy disk media (“Elephant. Never forgets”) and printer ribbons, and acting as the sole North American distributor/reseller of printers from the Japanese manufacturer, C. Itoh, the most memorable being the popular low-end dot-matrix printer, “The Gorilla Banana.” In 1984 the company sold the computer aftermarket product line and sales division to Dennison Computer Supplies, a division of Dennison Manufacturing. In 1984, they began to use Daewoo parts, and in 1989, they were acquired by Daewoo, as part of their recovery from Chapter 11 bankruptcy. (Shane declared that the costs of a legal dispute with Mitsubishi lead to its bankruptcy). In October, 1995, Daewoo sold the company to Manuhold Investment AG, a Swiss electronics company. Leading Edge had sold 185,000 of its PC clones in the United States in 1994, but in 1995 sales fell from 90,000 in the first half to almost none in the second half. By 1997 the company was defunct.

Products

The first known computer to be produced by Leading Edge is the Model M, released in 1982. By 1986 it sold for $1695 (US) with a monitor and two floppy drives. It used an Intel 8088-2 processor, running at a maximum of 7.16 MHz on an 8 bit bus, compared to 6 MHz for the IBM PC-AT on a 16 bit bus. The ‘M’ stands for Mitsubishi, their parts provider.

They also produced the Leading Edge Word Processor. It was described as easy to use, created automatic backup copies, and loaded in 256 K of RAM, described as a “large” amount. With the program in memory, both floppy drives were available for storage. It was introduced in 1983, and sold in 1984 for $100. (U.S.)

In 1984, Leading Edge also released an innovative database application called Nutshell (developed by a company called Nashoba Systems and distributed by Leading Edge). Nutshell was an earlier form of a program later released as FileMaker and subsequently FileMaker Pro.

They began producing the Leading Edge Model D in June, 1985, when they began to use Daewoo parts. That model was described as “the quality is good and the price is right.” It was a Consumer Reports “Best Buy.” It was IBM compatible, using the same Intel 8088 8 bit processor as the IBM PC, with two floppy disc drives, 256K of RAM, and an amber monitor. The machine sold for $1495 (US) They sold 125,000 in the first 13 months, then reduced the price to $1295 (US).

When IBM started offering 20 meg hard drives as standard for its newer PC-XT’s, Leading Edge offered a 30 meg hard drive standard. They later released a Model D86 (an Intel 8086), Model D2 in 1988 with a 65 meg hard drive for $2495(US) and a 10 MHz processor (an Intel 80286) and Model D3 (an Intel 80386).

In 1993, Leading Edge offered the WinPro Series of computers. These computers had then a i486 or Intel 80486 processors. The low end model had an i486 SX25 processorhich lacked an FPU. The i486 DX33 Processor had the FPU in. The computers had a 3.5 inch floppy, a 5.25 in floppy, 170MB hard drive, with 4MB of RAM, which could be expanded to 20MB if needed. Windows 3.1 and MS-DOS 5.0 were the operating systems. The cost of a Leading Edge Computer ranged from $1299.99 to $2199.99 during this time.

In 1994, Leading Edge offered the Wintower 486 Multimedia PC, with 66 MHz processor, 8 meg ram, 340 meg hard drive, 2 floppies, CD ROM, modem, sound card and monitor for a “street price” of $2600 (US).

Notes

^ “Deal by Daewoo,” New York Times, June 1, 1989, pg. D4

^ Steve Lohr, “Frustrated users sue PC maker over busy signals on “help” line,” New York Times, 6 February 1996, pg. D10

^ David O. Dabney, “Power Down:Apple Buys Its Own Clones,” Weeklywire.com, 15 September 1997, refers to ” the now defunct Leading Edge PC clone company”

^ Peter H. Lewis, “Peripherals: Leading Edge: One name, two computers,” New York Times, March 18, 1986, pg. C5

^ “Word processing,” New York Times, 28 October 1984, pg. AS 24.

^ “A thrifty and practical computer from Korea,” New York Times, July 16, 1985, pg. C4

^ Nicholas D. Kristov, “Low-priced cars and electronics from South Korea flooding the U.S.,” New York Times, 31 August 1986, pg. A1

^ Eric Sandberg Diment, “Race for hard drive horsepower heats up,” New York Times, 9 September 1986, pg. C4

^ L.R. Shannon, “A powerful XT clone,” New York Times, March 17, 1988, pg. C9

^ Angela Gunn, “Not on the cutting edge - Leading Edge Products’ WinTower 486 multimedia PC - Hardware Review - Evaluation,” Home Office…(and so on)

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TI Group

Tuesday, June 23rd, 2009

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(Redirected from Tube Investments)

TI Group

Former type

Public

Fate

Acquired

Successor

Smiths Group

Founded

1919

Defunct

2000

Headquarters

Abingdon, UK

Key people

Lord Plowden, (Chairman)

Industry

Engineering

TI Group plc (formerly Tube Investments) was a holding company for various specialised engineering companies. It was based in Abingdon in Oxfordshire. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index but it was acquired by Smiths Group in 2000.

Contents

1 History

2 Operations

3 References

4 External links

//


History

The Company was registered as Tube Investments in 1919 combining the seamless steel tube businesses of Tubes Limited, New Credenda Tube (later known as Creda), Simplex and Accles & Pollock. In 1928 Reynolds Tube joined the Group.

In 1928 Ivan Stedeford joined the Company: he became Chief Executive in 1935 and Chairman in 1944. In 1946, the Company bought Swallow Coachbuilding Co. (1935) Ltd.

In 1946 The British Cycle Corporation subsidiary was formed which eventually composed of the following cycle companies: Phillips Cycles, Hercules Cycles (No connection with the German Hercules company), Armstrong, Rudge Whitworth, Norman Cycles and Sun Cycles.

The period 1958/9 saw the Aluminium War when the Company fought a fierce and ultimately successful battle to acquire British Aluminium.

In 1960 Raleigh Industries joined the group bringing with it BSA Cycles and J. B. Brookes.

In 1963 the Company bought Russell Hobbs, kettle manufacturers and Sir Ivan Stedeford GBE retired as Chairman and CEO and assumed the title of Life President.

The Alfred Herbert Company was purchased in 1982.

In 1987 Raleigh was sold to Derby International and Creda was sold to GEC.

Dowty Group was purchased in 1992 and in 1996 Accles & Pollock was sold to Hay Hall Group.

On 18 September 2000 Smiths Group announced its intention to merge with TI Group. The merger was completed on 4 December 2000. Smiths divested TI’s automotive business shortly after the merger.

Operations

The three major divisions were John Crane International, a manufacturer of mechanical seals, Bundy Corporation, a tubing manufacturer and supplier to the refrigeration and automotive industries, and Dowty Group plc, an aerospace company. The Group also owned TI Creda, a manufacturer of domestic cookers. It also owned TI Chesterfield Cylinders, a manufacturer of pressurised gas cylinders for companies such as BOC and Air Products: the business was sold and the factory relocated from Chesterfield to Sheffield.

References

^ a b Accles & Pollock: About us

^ Hercules

^ Obituary: Lord Plowden

^ Raleigh: History

^ Raleigh bicycle history

^ GEC buys Creda business from TI Group

^ British engineering merger moves forward

^ “Engineering rivals to merge”. BBC News. 2000-09-18. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/930419.stm. Retrieved on 2006-09-25.

^ TI Group plans to sell off auto suppliers

^ “TI Group plc - Company History”. fundinguniverse.com. 1997. http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/TI-Group-plc-Company-History.html. Retrieved on 2006-09-26.

^ MBO in 2004 from German successor to TI Chesterfield Cylinders

External links

History of the TI Group, from the company’s former website on the Internet Archive

TI Group former website on the Internet Archive

Smiths Group History

Categories: Defunct companies of the United Kingdom | Engineering companies of the United Kingdom | Cycle manufacturers | Companies established in 1919 | Companies based in Oxfordshire | Companies formerly listed on the London Stock Exchange | Manufacturing company stubs(and so on)

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Shadow Cabinet (comics)

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Shadow Cabinet

The Shadow Cabinet confronts Dharma.Art by John Paul Leon.

Publication information

Publisher

Milestone/DC (19941997)DC Comics (2008-present)

First appearance

Shadow Cabinet #0 (January 1994)

Created by

Dwayne McDuffie (writer)Robert L. Washington III (writer)John Paul Leon (artist)

Roster

See:membership

The Shadow Cabinet is a team of fictional superheroes created by Milestone Comics and published by DC Comics. They first appeared in Shadow Cabinet #0 (January 1994), and were created by Dwayne McDuffie, Robert L. Washington III and John Paul Leon.

Contents

1 Publication history

2 Team Biography

2.1 Red Dog

2.2 Dharma

2.3 DC Universe

3 Membership

3.1 Modern team

3.2 Star Chamber

3.3 DC Universe

4 External links

//


Publication history

In the Milestone Comics universe the Shadow Cabinet is a secret organization of superhuman beings acting to protect the world by neutralizing potential threats while they are still relatively harmless - “to save humanity from itself, no matter what that requires”. The covert nature and dubious morality of many of these clandestine missions led to their being described as “the JLA as run by the CIA”.

Various Cabinet members may be sent on “deep-cover” missions lasting months, or even years (during which time some choose to defect), their total membership at any time is known only to their leader.

The base of operations for the Shadow Cabinet is the Shadowspire, a subterranean complex within the Himalayas and typically accessible only via the Shadowslide, their teleporter (so named because, if the subject’s origin is not in complete darkness at the time of teleport, the machine overloads and cannot be used for up to an hour).

An all new Shadow Cabinet has recently emerged in the Post Infinite Crisis DC Universe in pages of Justice League of America. After attempting, for some unknown reason, to abduct Doctor Light they find themselves in conflict with the Justice League. This story is ongoing.

Team Biography

Red Dog

Red Dog, a powerful Irish sorcerer, is the leader of the Shadow Cabinet from the late nineteenth century until the mid twentieth. Several of his people include ‘Bent Nature’, ‘Ether’, ‘The Magnate’ and ‘Munition’.

Red Dog recruits Dharma as his replacement, but his activities do not end there. Dharma is slain by one of his own people and Red Dog steps in to bring him back to life. Red Dog disagrees with Dharma’s efforts to take over the world and re-forms his own Cabinet to stop him. He and his people also attempt to save many Shadow Cabinet members in issue #17.

Dharma

Dharma, otherwise known as Harry Chawney, has the power to perceive the past and future of any object he touches. He has perceived countless apocalypses, and is ruthless in acting to prevent them, whatever the cost. In theory, he knows the ultimate consequences of whatever action he sends his operatives to perform; however, the impossibility of considering every factor has led to his fear that he may be causing the very disasters he is trying to prevent - in the words of one agent, “What about the man who died? His future could have been important too. Did you check?”, to which he was forced to respond “I can’t think about that right now”. (Shadow Cabinet #11, April 1995)

The Cabinet makes an appearance in Blood Syndicate #20, (Nov 94) when Dharma fires Oro, who has been a Syndicate associate, police officer, and a Shadow Cabinet operative. He is allowed to keep his costume and receives one month severance pay deposited directly into his bank account. Dharma even gives Oro advice to “Take the left” as Oro teleports out.

The teleportation technology is maintained by a powerful telekinetic simply known as “Mechanic”. Another notable employee is Payback, a spy for the independent superhero Icon. Icon also has evidence that Dharma had been involved in the ‘Big Bang’, a riot which, due to altered tear gas, ended with dozens of fatalities and superpowers granted to the survivors.

He would not treat further departures from the Cabinet as gracefully as Oro’s. When Cabinet operatives Iota, Donner, and Blitzen leave to form the unofficial team Heroes, Dharma sends a Cabinet attack squad led by Iron Butterfly.

DC Universe

An all new Shadow Cabinet has appeared in the pages of Justice League of America. This group is new to the DC Universe and, so far, show no connection to the previous Milestone continuity. This was due to the official merger of the Milestone and DC universes following the closing of Milestone studios.

The team ambushes and kidnaps former superheroine Kimiyo Hoshi, and then attempts to steal the charred remains of Arthur Light from the Justice League Satellite, after being instructed to do so by Dharma. Just as they are…(and so on)

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Return to Spider-Skull Island

Tuesday, June 23rd, 2009

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eturn to Spider-Skull Island

The Venture Bros. episode

Episodeno.

Season1Episode13

Written by

Jackson PublickDoc Hammer

Directed by

Jackson Publick

Productionno.

1-11

Originalairdate

30 October 2004

Episode chronology

?Previous

Next?

“The Trial of the Monarch”

“A Very Venture Christmas”

“Return to Spider-Skull Island” is the thirteenth episode, and the season finale, of the first season of The Venture Bros.

Contents

1 Plot

2 Cultural references

3 Connections to other episodes

4 Production notes

5 Goofs

6 References

//


Plot

Team Venture has returned to base following an unseen adventure during a screening of The Rocky Horror Picture Show. Dr. Venture’s stomach is unusually bloated and painful, so thinking he has a hernia Brock takes him to the hospital in the X-1. Hank and Dean are told to stay with Dr. Orpheus for the time being. The boys’ na?vet and misunderstood knowledge of human reproduction lead them to the conclusion that their father is pregnant.

At the hospital, emergency surgery is performed on Dr. Venture. The good news: the doctors were able to remove the “tumor”. The bad news: the tumor subsequently disappeared when the surgeon was not looking. As Dr. Venture and the surgeon argue the X-1 lifts off, unnoticed by anyone in the room.

Back at the compound, Hank and Dean decide to run away and start new lives, and take off on their hoverbikes the next morning Dean wearing a red-white-and-blue motorcycle helmet identical to that of Peter Fonda in the youth-culture motorcycle movie Easy Rider (1969), the first part of an homage completed at episode’s end. Dr. Orpheus immediately panics, but Triana calms him and asks him to not embarrass them. He agrees and dons a windbreaker instead of his usual cloak with the intention of unobtrusively protecting the boys. He trails Hank and Dean to a small diner, where he is accosted by two rednecks. When the boys hit the road again, they are soon arrested for driving too slowly and apparent truancy as Orpheus watches helplessly from a distance.

Brock and Dr. Venture have finally managed to get home without the X-1, and Brock puts Dr. Venture to bed, telling him he needs rest. As Brock heads back into the lab, he is knocked out from behind by a mysterious assailant and chained to the roof of his beloved Charger. Meanwhile, Dr. Venture experiences his recurring nightmare about one fetus devouring another and wakes up to see a familiar looking head in a robot body. Venture initially assumes he is dreaming about his father, but the figure reveals himself as Dr. Venture’s long-lost twin brother, who had been consumed in the womb forty-three years ago. The twin was finally able to escape through surgery and now intends to claim his vengeance and the Venture birthright by killing Dr. Venture. Dr. Venture quickly escapes to his panic room, but to his horror, the brother easily gains access: his brother knows everything he knows, including all of his passcodes. The robotically augmented twin pursues Venture throughout the lab, pointing out how he has made working weapons from Thaddeus’ failed experiments.

Brock manages to talk H.E.L.P.eR. through the process of driving the car, to which Brock is still chained. The car, in flames by now, smashes through a lab window just in time to save Dr. Venture. The evil twin’s mechanical body is destroyed, revealing that he has an infant’s body. Brock, his mullet singed to a crew cut, begins to crush the tiny man underfoot; Dr. Venture stops him in the name of brotherhood. After calling a truce between them, the brother decides to call himself Jonas Venture, Jr., Dr. Orpheus arrives, announcing the boys’ imprisonment.

In prison, The Monarch participates in a Scared Straight-styled program, talking to punks and surly teenagers on how much of a mistake it would be to be a supervillain. He recognizes the Venture Brothers and convinces them to return home. After being bailed out by the rest of Team Venture, they ride back home on their hoverbikes with the others following at a respectful distance. Dr. Venture and Jonas Jr. put aside their differences and decide to split the Venture estate between them. The Monarch’s henchmen 21 and 24, driving the Monarch-mobile, pull alongside the boys and ask where to get a haircut for 21 and ammunition for their gun. In a scene directed nearly shot-for-shot with the climax of Easy Rider, the weapon discharges (here, accidentally) and causes the hoverbikes to explode.

After the credits, Brock and the doctors look at the boys’ smoldering bodies; Dr. Orpheus sobs and Dr. Venture merely tells a groaning Brock to “get their clothes.”

Cultural references

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Return to Spider-Skull Island

“Spider-Skull Island” is a parody of King…(and so on)

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Rollerskates (band)

Tuesday, June 23rd, 2009

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Rollerskates

Origin

Perth, Western Australia, Australia

Genre(s)

Indie pop

Years active

1999 resent

Label(s)

QStik Records/MGM Distribution

Members

Jordan JohnstonDavid NamourStephen CallanGabriel Nicotra

Formermembers

Lo-Key Fu (2000 - 2003)

Rollerskates are a five piece indie pop band originating from Perth, Western Australia. Rollerskates mix of electronic sounds, tight dance music, hip-hop undertones, rock elements and touches of funk have seen this five piece grow into a popular music group in Perth.

Contents

1 Biography

1.1 Early years

1.2 The Movement

1.3 Polyether 1944

1.4 New Album

2 Band Members

3 Discography

3.1 Albums

3.2 EP’s

3.3 Singles

4 Trivia

5 References

6 External links

//


Biography

Early years

Rollerskates were formed in 1998 when Stephen Callan (Stevie C), David Namour (Rufus) and Jordan Johnstone (Jordy) released an 20 track recording under the name Rollerskates, essentially a collection of samples and Casio keyboards. In order to recreate the tunes live they added Moflo Leigh and Gabriel Nicotra to the band. Within a year of their formation, Rollerskates had won two Western Australian Music Industry Awards (WAMi’s) for ‘Most Promising New Band’ and ‘Best Funk Act’[citation needed]. In 2001 the band released their first EP Tell Your Mother To Tell Her Friends. The EP was released by local record label, QStik Records and distributed nationally through MGM Distribution. It received support from community radio stations across Australia, as well as Triple J exposure with live performances on ‘The Oz Music Show’ and ‘Hip Hop Show’. Rollerskates were named as Triple J’s first Australian Music ‘New Wave’ band for Ausmusic Month in November 2001.

This exposure helped the band reach a whole new audience nationwide, as well as solidifying their already growing fan base at home. This was boosted by Rollerskates reaching the final round of Channel [V]’s Leg Up Competition.

Inspired by the performance of the first EP, Rollerskates moved back into the recording studio with well known engineer/producer Shaun O’Callaghan (Eskimo Joe/Gyroscope/John Butler Trio). The result was the well received[citation needed] and popular EP The Movement. The Movement EP was launched in March 2002 at Perth’s Globe Entertainment Complex and featured support performances by the likes of On Inc and Jedi Master J from 28 Days. The EP in addition to the seven tracks provided a multimedia component in a unique case.

The Movement

The Movement EP marked a bigger and better level for the band, with three songs off the CD, “The Movement”, “Half A Loaf Of Funk - Remix” and “H.A.R.M” being added to national rotation on Triple J[citation needed], as well as receiving airplay on radio stations in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane and Adelaide. The entertaining music video for “The Movement” received national airplay on ABC’s Rage, Channel [V] and MTV and was awarded Best Local Music Video at the 2002 WAMi Awards.

In 2002 they performed at the Perth leg of The Big day Out. Rollerskates then embarked on their first East Coast Tour in July 2002, playing to moderate sized crowds in Melbourne and Sydney, as well as a sell out crowd at SJ’s in Newcastle, where they (for the second time) supported Machine Gun Fellatio. Continuing on from this exposure Rollerskates were invited to play at ‘Music Business Adelaide’, impressing industry types from all over the country with their live performance.

Polyether 1944

Polyether 1944, with its eerie, space-like vibe was the bands third release, gaining immediate rotation all over the country in 2003. The music video for “Polyether 1944″ with its innovative use of animated effects was played on Channel [V], Rage (ABC) and Saturday Morning Fly (ABC). Rollerskates received a further three nominations at the 2003 WAMi awards for ‘Most Popular Local Original Live Act’, ‘Most Popular Local Original Live Electronic Act’ and ‘Most Popular Local Original Urban Music Act’. Not long after, the band embarked on its second East Coast Tour in early 2004, this time incorporating Adelaide, Melbourne, Canberra, Wagga Wagga, Albury and Sydney.

The band then performed again at the Perth Big Day Out in 2004. Rollerskates have been the supporting band for a number of well-known national artists including Gerling, Jebediah, Magic Dirt, Machine Gun Fellatio, One Dollar Short, Resin Dogs, pre.shrunk and Regurgitator.

New Album

The band then undertook a brief hiatus, working on new material for their debut album, Rekkid. The first single, released from the album, in early 2005 was “Gettit”. It received significant nationwide attention with Triple J putting it on its ‘Hitlist’, giving it high rotation and further raising the profile of…(and so on)

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Outdoor cooking

Tuesday, June 23rd, 2009

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Cast Iron BBQ Grill
Size: DIA.14″ H:8″ Unit weight: 17.5KG Coating: preseasoned,black painted,wax,natural finish or enamel Material: cast iron This charcloal style grill is perfect for picnics, tailgating and car camping. A draft door regulates the heat so in addition to grilling and frying. It will keep a pot of coffee or chili warm. Grill has two adjustable heights. Cast Iron BBQ Grill mo

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for information on more outdoor techniques, see Grilling and Barbecue.



Cooking in the outdoors using heated stone

Outdoor cooking differs substantially from kitchen-based cooking, the most obvious difference being lack of an easily defined kitchen area. As a result, campers and backpackers have developed a significant body of techniques and specialized equipment for preparing food in outdoors environments. Such techniques have traditionally been associated with nomadic cultures such as the Berbers of North Africa and the Plains Indians and pioneers of North America, and have been carried down to and refined in modern times for use during recreational outdoors pursuits.

Currently, much of the work of maintaining and developing outdoor cooking traditions in Westernized countries is done by the Scouting movement and by wilderness educators such as the National Outdoor Leadership School and Outward Bound, as well as by writers and cooks closely associated with the outdoors community.

Contents

1 Food and recipes

2 Methods

2.1 Direct heat

2.1.1 Roasting

2.1.2 Grilling

2.1.3 Frying

2.1.4 Boiling

2.1.5 Dutch ovens and other pots

2.1.6 Steaming

2.1.7 Other covered techniques

3 Specialist equipment

4 Dangers

5 See also

6 References

7 External links

//


Food and recipes

The type of food common in outdoors settings is somewhat different from what is normally available in a kitchen, and also differs depending on the type of activity the cook is engaging in. While someone at a public campground may have easy access to a grocery store and be able to prepare plenty of recipes with fresh meat and vegetables, someone on an extended trip into the backcountry will not be able to carry large amounts of fresh food due to water content, and will have to rely heavily on dried meats, vegetables, and starches such as ramen, polenta, and dried potato flakes. Wilderness experts in both categories sometimes make use of locally available wild foods as well, particularly wild vegetables and fruit but also occasionally fresh fish and wild game; however, it is not unusual for camping food, especially backcountry food, to be partially or totally vegetarian.

Camping food is often very high in fat and carbohydrates to provide energy for long hikes, and hikers (much like soldiers) must rely heavily on energy-packed snacks such as trail mix, chocolate, energy bars, and even synthetics such as sports drinks. Water can also be at a premium, so important parts of a camper’s pantry include chlorine or iodine-based water disinfectants as well as drink mixes to mask the flavor of the chemical treatment.

Recipes are often designed with significant planning and home preparation in mind, with certain ingredients mixed at home and then cooked on the trail; to that end, there are a number of providers of freeze-dried food, both ingredients and full meals, to the outdoors market, and just-add-water instant meals (including hot cereals, pasta or rice in sauce, and instant soup) from the supermarket are popular as well. Alternately, some wilderness experts advocate bulk rationing, in which each hiker is given a selection of raw ingredients and prepares a meal from scratch on the trail.

Methods

Direct heat

The most traditional method for outdoor cooking (and indeed the oldest form of cooking known to humanity) is by means of a campfire. Campfires can be used for cooking food by a number of techniques. The techniques for cooking on a campfire are no different from those used for everyday cooking before the invention of stoves or where stoves are still not available. Individuals who are backpacking in an area that allows the gathering of firewood may decide to cook on a campfire to avoid the need to carry extra equipment; however, most campfire cooking is done in front-country campgrounds. Cooking food using a campfire can be tricky for those not accustomed to it; also, due to risk of fire damage, campfires are illegal in many areas, so many campers prefer to use a portable stove instead.

Roasting

Possibly the simplest method of cooking over a campfire and one of the most common is to roast food on long skewers that can be held above the flames. This is popular for cooking hot dogs or toasting marshmallows for making s’mores. Besides skewers, pie irons too may be used (small iron molds with long handles), into which can be placed slices of bread with some form of filling which are placed over hot coals to cook. When using meat, roasting can have the advantage over grilling in that the grease that drips from the food can be reused. This can be done by placing a fireproof container under the food.

Grilling

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Adaptive multi-rate compression

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Adaptive Multi-Rate Narrow Band (AMR-NB)

Filename extension

.amr

Internet media type

audio/amr

Type of format

Audio

Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) is a patented audio data compression scheme optimized for speech coding. AMR was adopted as the standard speech codec by 3GPP in October 1998 and is now widely used in GSM and UMTS. It uses link adaptation to select from one of eight different bit rates based on link conditions.

AMR is also a file format for storing spoken audio using the AMR codec. Many modern mobile telephone handsets will allow you to store short recordings in the AMR format, both Open Source (see the external links) and commercial programs exist to convert between this and other formats such as MP3, although it should be remembered that AMR is a speech format and is unlikely to give ideal results for other audio. The common filename extension is .amr.

Contents

1 Usage

2 Features

3 Licensing and patent issues

4 See also

5 External links

6 External references

//


Usage

The frames contain 160 samples and are 20 milliseconds long. AMR uses different techniques, such as ACELP, DTX, VAD and CNG. The usage of AMR requires optimized link adaptation that selects the best codec mode to meet the local radio channel and capacity requirements. If the radio conditions are bad, source coding is reduced and channel coding is increased. This improves the quality and robustness of the network connection while sacrificing some voice clarity. In the particular case of AMR this improvement is somewhere around S/N = 4-6 dB for usable communication. The new intelligent system allows the network operator to prioritize capacity or quality per base station.

There are a total of 14 modes of the AMR codec, 8 are available in a full rate channel (FR) and 6 on a half rate channel (HR).

Mode

Bitrate (kbit/s)

Channel

Compatible with

AMR_12.20

12.20

FR

ETSI GSM enhanced full rate

AMR_10.20

10.20

FR

AMR_7.95

7.95

FR/HR

AMR_7.40

7.40

FR/HR

TIA/EIA IS-641 TDMA enhanced full rate

AMR_6.70

6.70

FR/HR

ARIB 6.7 kbit/s enhanced full rate

AMR_5.90

5.90

FR/HR

AMR_5.15

5.15

FR/HR

AMR_4.75

4.75

FR/HR

AMR_SID

1.80

FR/HR

Features

Sampling frequency 8 kHz/13-bit (160 samples for 20 ms frames), filtered to 200-3400 Hz.

The AMR codec uses eight source codecs with bit-rates of 12.2, 10.2, 7.95, 7.40, 6.70, 5.90, 5.15 and 4.75 kbit/s.

Generates frame length of 95, 103, 118, 134, 148, 159, 204, or 244 bits for bit rates 4.75, 5.15, 5.90, 6.70, 7.40, 7.95, 10.2, or 12.2 kbit/s, respectively

AMR utilizes Discontinuous Transmission (DTX), with Voice Activity Detection (VAD) and Comfort Noise Generation (CNG) to reduce bandwidth usage during silence periods

Algorithmic delay is 20 ms per frame. For bit-rates of 12.2, there is no ‘algorithm’ look-ahead delay. For other rates, look-ahead delay is 5 ms. Note that there is 5 ms ‘dummy’ look-ahead delay, to allow seamless frame-wise mode switching with the rest of rates.

AMR is a hybrid speech coder which uses Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction (ACELP)

The complexity of the algorithm is rated at 5, using a relative scale where G.711 is 1 and G.729a is 15.

PSQM testing under ideal conditions yields Mean Opinion Scores of 4.14 for AMR (12.2 kbit/s), compared to 4.45 for G.711 (u-law)

PSQM testing under network stress yields Mean Opinion Scores of 3.79 for AMR (12.2 kbit/s), compared to 4.13 for G.711 (u-law)

Licensing and patent issues

AMR codecs incorporate several patents. For more information about this, please refer to:

VoiceAge licensing information, including pricing to license the AMR codecs

3GPP legal issues

The 3G Patent Platform and its licensing policy

AMR Codecs as Shared Libraries - amrnb and amrwb libraries development site. These libraries are based on the reference implementation and were created to prevent ugly embedding of possibly patented source code into many Open Source projects.

See also

AMR-WB

AMR-WB+

Half Rate

Full Rate

Sampling rate

IS-641

External links

Open Source software to convert the .amr format: Amr2Wav, RetroCode, both are in an early developmental stage

Mobile AMR Converter is freeware

Total Video Player will play .amr files.

AMR Player is freeware to play AMR audio files, and can convert AMR with MP3/WAV audio format.

External references

3GPP TS 26.071 - Mandatory Speech Codec speech processing functions; AMR Speech Codec; General Description



v?d?eMultimedia compression formats

Video compression

ISO/IEC

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Forward looking infrared

Monday, June 22nd, 2009

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The Tesla Shield
LIFE TECHNOLOGY? THE TESLA SHIELD Transformational Technology For Mind Body And Soul The famous inventor Nikola Tesla understood that the cosmos is in resonance. Everything that exists possesses a unique vibratory rate which resonates with the heart of the cosmos. It was this discovery which inspired Tesla to invent The Tesla Personal Oscillator which became extremely popular at the time. It is claimed That The Tesla Personal Oscillator was the most popular gadget of 1907 and was widely used in The USA and Europe. Life Technology are privileged to have been given exclusive access to some of Tesla’s papers and with the assistance of a US electronic engineering company, we have been able to update and upgrade the original design of The Tesla Personal Oscillator. The final product, The Tesla Shield combines the original Tesla principles of harmonic oscillation and design considerations with sophisticated state

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(Redirected from FLIR)

“FLIR” redirects here. For other uses, see FLIR Systems.



Navigation infrared pod (NAVFLIR) by Thales

Forward looking infrared (FLIR) is an imaging technology that senses infrared radiation.

Since FLIRs use detection of thermal energy to create the “picture” assembled for the video output, they can be used to help pilots and drivers steer their vehicles at night, and in fog, or detect warm objects against a cold background when it is completely dark (such as a cloudy, moonless night). The wavelength of infrared that FLIRs detects differs significantly from that of Night vision, which operates in the visible light and near infrared ranges (0.4 to 1.0 micrometres).

Contents

1 Design

2 Origin of the term FLIR

3 Uses of FLIR

4 Cost

5 Privacy

6 See also

7 References

8 External links

//


Design

There are two basic ranges of infrared; long-wave infrared and medium-wave infrared. The long-wave infrared (LWIR) cameras, sometimes called “far infrared”, operate at 8 to 12 micrometre and can see heat such as hot engine parts or human body heat a few miles away, but longer distance viewing is made more difficult because the infra-red light is absorbed, scattered and refracted by the air and water vapor. Some long-wave FLIRs require their detector to be cryogenically cooled, although moderately sensitive FLIRs are produced that do not require cryogenic cooling.

Cameras which operate in the 3 to 5 micrometre range are called medium-wave infrared (MWIR) and can see almost as well, as those frequencies suffer less from water vapor absorption, but generally require a more expensive sensor array, and cryogenic cooling.

Many FLIR systems use digital image processing to improve the image quality. FLIR sensor arrays often have wildly inconsistent sensitivities from pixel to pixel, due to limitations in the manufacturing process. To remedy this, the response of each pixel is measured at the factory, and a transform, most often linear, maps the measured input signal to an output level.

FLIRs, such as the AN/AAQ-26, are often used in naval vessels, fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, and armored fighting vehicles. In warfare, they have three large advantages. First, the imager itself is nearly impossible for the enemy to detect, as it detects energy that’s already there, and doesn’t have to send out any energy of its own. Second, it sees heat, which is hard to camouflage. Thirdly, FLIR systems can see through smoke, fog, haze, and other atmospheric obscurants better than a visible light camera can. However, it is hard to distinguish friend from foe when using the FLIR, which has led to friendly fire incidents.

Origin of the term FLIR

The term “forward looking” is used to distinguish FLIR systems from sideways tracking infrared systems, also known as “pushbroom” imagers. Such systems were/are typically used on aircraft and satellites. They normally involve a 1D array of pixels which uses the motion of the aircraft or satellite to move the view of the 1D array across the ground to build up a 2D image over time. Such systems cannot be used for real time imaging, and must look perpendicular to the direction of travel. To some extent they have been made obsolete by the development of “forward looking” imaging systems.

Uses of FLIR

Surveillance of people

Watershed temperature monitoring and monitoring wild game habitats

Detection of energy loss or insulation defects in buildings in order to reduce HVAC energy consumption

Target acquisition and tracking by military aircraft

Piloting of aircraft in low visibility (IFR) conditions

Warning drivers about deer and other animals on the road

Locating living beings (through smoke and walls) and pinpointing sources of ignition during firefighting operations

Search and rescue operations for missing persons especially in wooded areas or water.

Detecting leaks of natural gas and other gasses.

Monitoring active volcanoes.

Detecting heat in faulty electrical joints.

Cost

The cost of FLIR equipment has fallen dramatically. Older camera designs used rotating mirrors to scan the image to a small sensor. More modern cameras no longer use this method; the simplification helps reduce cost.

Privacy

In 2001, the United States Supreme Court decided that performing FLIR surveillance of private property without a search warrant by law enforcement violates the Fourth Amendment’s protection from unreasonable searches and seizures. Kyllo v. United States, 533 U.S. 27 (2001)

See also

Infra-red search and track

Night vision

Infrared camera

Surveillance

References

^ “Night Vision & Electronic Sensors Directorate - Fort Belvoir, VA”. Nvl.army.mil. http://www.nvl.army.mil/about/index.php….(and so on)

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